Introduction to Circuits and Electronics
Extra Examples
From Engineering Circuit Analysis by William H. Hayt, Jr. and Jack E. Kemmerly:
- Drill Problems 2-3, 2-4; Answers in image
- Problem 2.5; Answer: 63.1 V
- Problem 2.7; Answer: 148.1 V, 178.3 W
- Problem 2.9; Answer: 2.79 A
- Problem 2.13; Answer: 2 mA: 5 mW; 4 V: -6 mW; 1000 i3: 4.5 mW; 6 V: 9 mW; .5 i2: -5.62 mW
Extensions and Additional Possibilities
- Build / Simulate a DREEP
- Improve your amplifier's output
- Use methods presented by Gill in class, as well as ideas of
your own. Possible methods include feedback, adding white noise,
and using a more sophisticated comparator.
- Make your breadboard layout beautiful
- Start by deciding on a color code, and be prepared to cut
all your own wires. Try your best to have wires that don't cross;
only travel at right angles to eachother; and reflect your
schematic in the most elegant, straightforward way possible.
- Turn your amplifier into an LED strobe
- The problem with LEDs is that they are mainly just on or
off. But they can switch between the two fast enough to make it
appear to your eye that they are on at any degree of "half way".
Make a copy of your PWM amplifier, sending the result through an
LED, and use the eye as your final lowpass filter. See if you can
get a clean transition from "off" to "on" by changing the level of
the input signal.
- Add an S/PDIF interface to your amplifier
- See http://www.epanorama.net/documents/audio/spdif.html
or ask Gill for more information.
- Create an adder circuit
- Using logic gates, design an adder circuit. Explore the
trade-offs between efficiency (total delay from input to output)
and elegance. If you want, follow this up with other operations,
an operation selector, and a memory interface to make a simple
computer.
- Add a user interface to your amplifier
- Your user interface might consist of buttons,
potentiometers, and LED outputs and effect the performance of the
chip by changing the lowpass filter level, use of white noise, and input and output selection.
- Design a new kind of amplifier
- You may want to start by creating models of the class A and
B amplifiers to give you ideas.